The Maharaja of Patiala was a royal title given to the maharaja in India and the ruler of the princely state of Patiala, a state in British India.
The Maharajas of Patiala were Sidhu Jats. The first Maharaja of Patiala was Baba Ala Singh (1695–1765).
Yadavindra Singh became the maharaja on 23 March 1938. He was the last independent maharaja, agreeing to the accession of Patiala State into the newly independent Union of India in 1947.
On 5 May 1948, Yadavindra Singh became Rajpramukh of the new Indian state of Patiala and East Punjab States Union.